Baseline Panel

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CMP14 Complete Blood Count (CBC) | Lipid Panel | LDH | GGT | Iron & TIBC | Uric Acid | Phosphorus

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Blood Test Panel

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Complete Blood Count (CBC)

CBC stands for “complete blood count.”

With a Complete Blood Count (CBC), your blood cells are measured and counted. This blood test checks for a number of diseases and conditions and also looks for signs of medication side effects in your blood.

CBC is often used as a general screening test to find out how healthy a person is overall. You can use it to:

  • Check for a large number of diseases and conditions
  • Help figure out what’s wrong, like anemia, an infection, inflammation, a bleeding disorder, or leukemia.
  • Check on the condition and/or how well treatment is working after a diagnosis is made.
  • Keep an eye on treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy that are known to hurt blood cells.

A CBC is helpful if you have any of the following signs:

  • Bruising or bleeding
  • Fatigue, dizziness or weakness
  • Fever, sickness, and throwing up
  • Swelling and irritation anywhere in the body, which is called inflammation.
  • Joint pain
  • Heart rate or blood pressure problems

 With a CBC, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all measured and studied. Red blood cells deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. Your immune system includes white blood cells. They help your immune system fight off sickness. Platelets help blood clot in your body.

A CBC checks, counts, looks at, and studies many things about your blood:

  • A CBC without differential counts all the white blood cells in the body.
  • CBC with differential –  White blood cells come in five different types. In the differential, the number of each type of white blood cell is counted.
  • Hemoglobin tests measure the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, called hemoglobin.
  • Hematocrit shows how many red blood cells you have in your blood.

A CBC tells you:

  • The number of new blood cells your body makes.
  • The number of red blood cells (RBC or erythrocytes), white blood cells (WBC or leukocytes), and platelets.
  • How big and round blood cells are.

 The following are some of the wide range of diseases that a CBC can detect:

  • Anemia, which happens when the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen around.
  • Diseases of the bone marrow, like myelodysplastic syndromes.
  • Diseases like agranulocytosis, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemias.
  • Infections or other health problems that cause the white blood cell count to be too low or too high.
  • Many different kinds of cancer, like leukemia and lymphoma.
  • Problems with chemotherapy and some prescription drugs.
  • Vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

CMP14

 The Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) test checks your blood for 14 different substances. It checks the balance of chemicals in your body and your metabolism, which is how your body turns food into energy. CMP is used to check how well organs are working and find diseases like diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease. The CMP may also be ordered to keep an eye on conditions like high blood pressure and to check on people who are taking medicine for any side effects that might affect the kidneys or liver.

 A CMP checks your blood for the following things:

  •  Glucose:  Glucose is a kind of sugar that gives your body and brain energy. Blood sugar is another name for glucose. High blood glucose when you wake up is often a sign of Type 2 diabetes. Having Type 1 diabetes is usually a sign of very high glucose levels, whether you are fasting or not.
  •  Calcium: Calcium is one of your body’s most important and most common minerals. Most of the calcium in your body is in your bones, but you also need calcium in your blood. Calcium in your blood is important for the health of your nerves, muscles, and heart.
  •  Total protein: This is a measurement of the total amount of proteins in your blood, including albumin and globulins.
  •  Bilirubin: This is a waste product made when red blood cells break down. It is up to your liver to get rid of bilirubin from your body.
  •  BUN (blood urea nitrogen): This is a measurement of urea nitrogen, which is a waste product that your kidneys help get rid of from your blood.
  •  Creatinine: This is a waste product made when your muscles work. It is a waste product that your kidneys take out of your blood by filtering it.
  •  Albumin: Your liver makes this protein. It moves important things through your bloodstream and keeps your blood vessels from leaking fluid.

 A CMP also measures four electrolytes. Electrolytes are minerals that, when dissolved in a liquid, carry an electric charge. These electrolytes in your blood control how your nerves and muscles work. They also keep your blood’s acid-base balance (pH balance) and water balance in check.

  • Sodium: Most of the sodium in your body comes from the food you eat. Your kidneys help control how much sodium is in your body.
  • Potassium: You get potassium from the food you eat, and it is in all of your body’s tissues.
  • Bicarbonate: The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in your blood is shown by the amount of bicarbonate in your blood.
  • Chloride: Chloride works with sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate to control many of your body’s processes.

A CMP also checks for the three enzymes below in the liver. Enzymes are substances that speed up the way that some body processes work.

  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
  • Alanine transaminase (ALT).
  • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

What does a complete metabolic panel do?

With a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), you can find out a lot about your health as a whole. With 14 different measurements, it can check a number of body processes and functions, such as:

  • The health of your liver and kidneys.
  • How much sugar is in your blood.
  • Your blood has the right amount of acid and base.
  • The balance of fluids and salts in your body.

Why do I need a comprehensive metabolic panel?

A comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) can be helpful in a number of situations, especially if you have signs of problems with your kidneys, liver, or metabolism.  If you have a general symptom, like feeling tired, a CMP measures several important parts of your blood and can help find or rule out some causes of a common symptom.

What’s the difference between a basic metabolic panel and a full metabolic panel?

A basic metabolic panel (BMP) has eight of the 14 tests in a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP). The liver enzyme and protein tests are not part of a BMP. Depending on your health history and needs, your doctor may have you go through a CMP or a BMP.

Iron & TIBC

Iron & TIBC is used to aid in the evaluation of a number of conditions involved with red cell production and destruction, iron transport, or iron metabolism.

GGT

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is used to determine why a patient would have elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase or also known as ALP. This test would be recommended for any patients with disease associated with the bile duct, and also for patients who have liver or bone disease.

LDH

The LDH test is used to evaluate and monitor a number of different diseases and conditions including acute or chronic tissue damage, and different forms of anemia or severe infection. The LDH test can also help stage and monitor treatment such as chemotherapy for several different forms of cancers and germ cell tumors.

Lipid Panel

The lipid panel is used to guide practitioners regarding what treatment is best for patients who have borderline or high risk of heart disease. HDL particles are involved in the process of removing excess cholesterol and transporting it to the liver for removal. LDL particles deposits extra cholesterol in the walls of blood vessels. Because of this, HDL particles are known as “good cholesterol” and LDL particles are known as “bad cholesterol”.

Phosphorus

Primary hyperparathyroidism and other causes of calcium elevation, including ectopic hyperparathyroidism (pseudohyperparathyroidism).
The signs and symptoms of phosphate depletion may include neuromuscular, neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, skeletal, and cardiopulmonary systems. Manifestations usually are accompanied by serum levels <1.0 mg/dL.

Uric Acid

The uric acid blood test is used to detect high levels of this compound in the blood in order to help diagnose gout. The test is also used to monitor uric acid levels in people undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer. Rapid cell turnover from such treatment can result in an increased uric acid level. The uric acid blood test is ordered when a health care provider suspects that someone has a high uric acid level. Some people with high levels of uric acid have a disease called gout, which is a common form of arthritis. People with gout suffer from joint pain, most often in their toes, but in other joints as well. The test is also ordered to monitor cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to ensure that uric acid levels do not get dangerously high.

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